External Territories — hero

Oceania

External Territories

Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) and Norfolk Island

Currency
Australian Dollar (AUD)
Language
English
Best time
Christmas Island: Nov–Jan for the crab migration, Dec–Apr for whale sharks. Cocos: Apr–Oct. Norfolk: year-round, mildest Oct–Apr.
Visa
Visa needed. British citizens can usually get a free eVisitor (subclass 651) online, or an ETA (subclass 601) through the official Australian ETA app (service fee). Apply only via immi.homeaffairs.gov.au or the official app.
Why visit

Why External Territories

Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) and Norfolk Island

  • Christmas Island's red crab migration (Oct–Jan)
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands — empty coral atolls, kitesurfing and snorkelling
  • Norfolk Island's Kingston convict World Heritage site
  • Some of Australia's best untouched diving and birdwatching
Read more

Australia's far-flung island territories, each with its own character. Christmas Island stages the red crab migration — tens of millions of crabs crossing roads and cliffs to the sea. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are 27 coral atolls with almost nobody on them. Norfolk Island, out in the Pacific, layers a convict World Heritage site over Polynesian and Bounty-mutineer history.

A pillar, not a footnote

Eat your way through External Territories

The single reason many travellers come back — the food culture worth reshaping a trip around, and the dishes to seek out region by region.

External Territories

A coffee-obsessed, sea-fed nation of immigrants — with kangaroo on the barbecue and smashed avo at brunch.

Order a flat white in Melbourne and you’ll grasp quickly that Australia takes its coffee more seriously than almost anywhere, and its brunch nearly as much — smashed avocado on toast is less a dish here than a national habit. This is a country built by immigrants, and the tables show it: a Vietnamese roll for lunch, yum cha on Sunday, a Greek bakery and a Lebanese grill on the same street, most of it eaten outdoors in a climate made for it.

The land sets the rest of the menu. Sear kangaroo over the barbecue and it eats like lean, gamey beef; further north, crocodile turns up in burgers and emu in pies. Native ingredients — macadamias, tart bush berries, peppery native seasonings — have crept out of Aboriginal kitchens and into fine dining, where ‘Mod Oz’ cooking marries Asian flavours to Western technique. And with all that coastline, the surest bet is the seafood, barely off the boat and cooked with the sun on your back.

Dishes to seek out
  • smashed avo toast
  • kangaroo (barbecued native game)
  • Modern Australian (Mod Oz) fusion
  • crocodile & emu (novelty bush meats)
  • macadamias & bush tucker
  • flat white coffee
  • Barossa & Margaret River wines
Explore

Explore External Territories

Australia's far-flung island territories, each with its own character. Christmas Island stages the red crab migration — tens of millions of crabs crossing roads and cliffs to the sea. The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are 27 coral atolls with almost nobody on them. Norfolk Island, out in the Pacific, layers a convict World Heritage site over Polynesian and Bounty-mutineer history.

Getting there: Christmas and Cocos Islands fly from Perth; Norfolk Island flies from Sydney and Brisbane.

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Explore another state, or All for the whole country.

© OpenFreeMap · OpenMapTiles · OSM · terrain Mapterhorn
Where to stay

Hand-checked places in External Territories

Browse all External Territories stays →
When to go

Weather & timing in External Territories Right now RIGHT NOW 23°C drizzle

Best Sep–Nov, Mar–May · Shoulder Dec–Feb (tropical north: May–Sep)

Units

Monthly figures are for East coast (Sydney); other regions of External Territories vary.

Typical · climate data

Best time to visit

Christmas Island: Nov–Jan for the crab migration, Dec–Apr for whale sharks. Cocos: Apr–Oct. Norfolk: year-round, mildest Oct–Apr.

Best for
  • Great Barrier Reef
  • Outback
  • Beaches
  • Wildlife
At a glance
Sunshine 9.6 hr/day
Rainfall 99 mm/mo
Wettest March · 179.7mm
Driest September · 50.9mm
Part of Australia & NZ →
By season

Units

Spring (Mar–May)

What to expect — Daytime highs average about 22°C with overnight lows near 14°C — the wettest stretch of the year.

What's best — Apr and May are among the best time to visit — good weather with manageable crowds. Mar also works well.

Summer (Jun–Aug)

What to expect — Daytime highs average about 17°C with overnight lows near 8°C.

What's best — Jun, Jul and Aug are comfortable, with thinner crowds.

Autumn (Sep–Nov)

What to expect — Daytime highs average about 22°C with overnight lows near 13°C, with plenty of rain.

What's best — Sep and Oct are among the best time to visit — good weather with manageable crowds. Nov also works well.

Winter (Dec–Feb)

What to expect — Daytime highs average about 26°C with overnight lows near 18°C, with plenty of rain.

What's best — Dec, Jan and Feb are comfortable, with thinner crowds.

A little context

A little history

To read what you're looking at — the empires and eras that shaped External Territories's food, art and streets.

Aboriginal peoples have lived here for at least 65,000 years — among the world's oldest continuous cultures
British settlement from the 1788 First Fleet began as a penal colony and pushed out from Sydney
waves of post-war immigration built the multicultural, coffee-and-brunch food scene of the cities
the six colonies federated into one nation in 1901, still shaped by the land and the coast
Before you book

Know before you go

The practical back-matter — safety, drones and the essentials, in one place.

Safety

No FCDO advisory against travel FCDO advice →

Official UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office guidance is the definitive source — check it close to your travel dates.

Drone rules (sub-250g)

  • External Territories
    About as easy as it gets: CASA has paused recreational registration indefinitely, so a tourist flying a sub-250g drone for fun needs no registration and no licence. Just fly by the standard rules — under 120m, in sight, in daylight, 30m from people, never over crowds, and 5.5km from a controlled airport. ⚠ State national parks are the exception: NSW bans drones in all its national parks outright (no permit available, fines to AUD$3,300), Victoria requires a permit, and wildlife reserves like Phillip Island are strict — check the state park authority before flying in any park. Rules checked: Jul 2026

National parks, protected sites and religious/heritage venues often have their own rules and permits — always check the specific site before you fly.

The essentials

Plug & voltage Type I · 230V
Daily budget Expensive
Region Australia and New Zealand

Photography

Images on this page are sourced from Wikimedia Commons under free licences (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA) and are photographs of the places named. Author, licence and source for each:

  • Christmas Island — ChrisBrayPhotography / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · source
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands — paullymac / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · source
  • Norfolk Island — Inas / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · source